Sunday, August 25, 2013

Fakta-Fakta Menarik tentang Turkey: Awal dari Banyak Hal Tentang Peradaban

Sering saya mengatakan bahwa Turkey sebuah negara yang berada di 2 benua tersebut merupakan tempat awal mula peradaban terjadi. Banyak sekali sejarah besar terjadi di sini. Taukah anda walaupun saat ini mayoritas beragama Muslim akan tetapi dahulu kala banyak sekali sejarah ke-Kristen-an terjadi di negara ini. Berikut saya rangkumkan Fakta-fakta menarik yang ada di Turkey ataupun yang pernah terjadi dulunya:

1. Istanbul adalah satu-satunya negara di dunia yang dibangun di 2 Benua.

2. Turkey dikenal dengan 1 di antara 3 makanan paling terkenal dan istimewa di dunia. 

3. Pernahkah anda mendengar tentang Trojan Wars. Yang pernah difilmkan di layar lebardan dimainkan oleh Brad Pitt berjudul Troy. Ini memang terjadi di belahan barat Turkey.

4. Gereja pertama yang dibangun oleh manusia (Gereja St Peter) adalah di Antioch, Turkey

5. Pemukiman manusia tertua di dunia di Catalhoyuk, Turkey ( Millenium ke 7 Sebelum Masehi)

6. St. Nicholas atau yang kita kenal dengan Sinterklas lahir di Patara dan menjadi Uskup di Demre, di bagian Mediterranean, Turkey

7. Ephesus dan Halicarnasus merupakan 2 dari 7 kejaiban dunia. Keduanya masih ada di Turkey.

8. Bahtera Nabi Nuh mendarat di Gunung Ararat (Agri Dagi) di bagian timur Turkey.

9. Makanan terakhir Nabi Nuh adalah puding asam manis (asure), hingga saat ini masih disajikan di Turkey.

10. Turkey negara yang memperkenalkan kopi ke Eropa dan memberikan Tulip kepada Belanda.

11. Konsili Ekumenis Gereja pertama kali di Turkey.

12. Menulis pertama kali digunakan oleh orang jaman purba di Anatolia dan piringan tanah liat pertama berada di reruntuhan Assyrian 1950 Sebelum Masehi

13. Julius Caesar mengutarakan “Veni, Vidi, Vici (Saya datang, Saya lihat< saya menang)” di bagian Black Sea Turkey waktu ia mengalahkan Pontus.

14. Nama-nama besar dalam sejarah seperti Homer (penulis puisi), Raja Midas, Herodotus (Bapak sejarah) dan Santo Paulus lahir di Analtolis, Turkey.

15. Turkey memiliki ratusan pantai dengan “Blue Flag” (Penghargaan air terbersih Eropa” di area Mediterranean dan Aegean.

16. Alexander the Great menemukan dan memotong simpul Gordian di Ankara (ibukota Turkey), yang hingga saat ini simpul Gordian merupakan teknik dasar untuk membuat karpet Turkey.

17. Turkey sangat kaya akan keanekaragaman tanaman. Jumlah jenis bunga di Turkey sekitar 9.000 dan 3.000 di antaranya endemik atau hanya dapat hidup di musim tertentu. Sedangkan di seluruh dataran Eropa terdapat 11.500 jenis Bunga.

18. Istanbul memiliki stasiun bersejarah yakni Sirkeci. Ini merupakan pemberhentian terakhir “Orient Express”  yang menghubungkan antara Paris dan Constantinople dari 1883-1977. Agatha Christie merupakan salah satu penumpang di kereta terkenal tersebut.

19. Berdasarkan survey tahun 2000, terdapat 9000 jenis burung di dunia dan 453nya berada di Turkey..

20. Cherry diperkenalkan pertama kali di Giresun (bagian utara Turkey.

21. Orang-orang Hitite menjual gua kepada Abraham di mana tempat ia mengubur istrinya Sarah, Ketika Bangsa Israel dapang ke Palestina.

22. Gereja pertama yang didedikasikan untuk Bunda Maria berada di Ephesus.

23. Perjanjian pertama di dunia merupakan perjanjian Kadesh antara kerajaan Hitite dan Mesir.

24. Tulisan Neolithic manusia di dinding pertama ditemukan di Catalhoyuk, Turkey 

25. Yang terakhir dan paling menarik, Berdasarkan Kitab Kejadian, bahwa Taman Eden dialiri oleh 2 sungai yang terpisah menjadi 4 aliran yang meninggalkan taman. 2 diantaranya di Tigris (Dicle) dan Eupharates (Firat) Muncul dari gunung di bagian timur Turkey.


Sangat menarik bukan??? Banyak hal yang kita tidak pernah tau sebelumnya dan terjadi. Dan untuk info bahwa saat ini Turkey menerapkan Visa On Arrival untuk berkunjung ke negaranya sehingga memudahkan kita untuk mengunjungi negara tersebut. Sangat menarik mengunjungi Negara tersebut untuk mendapatkan pemandangan kota kuno, pemandangan alam hingga kota modern.

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Friday, August 23, 2013

Colokan Listrik atau Electricity Plug untuk Seluruh Dunia

Sering orang menanyakan dan membingungkan untuk masalah charger atau colokan listrik di negara tujuan. Memang jaman sekarang colokan listrik sangatlah penting. Terlebih lagi kemampuan Handphone jaman sekarang tidaklah seperti dulu yang bisa tahan hingga berhari-hari. Berikut saya infokan untuk colokan listrik seluruh dunia
RegionType(s) of plug / socketResidential VoltageFrequencyComments
AfghanistanC, D, F240 V50 HzVoltage may vary from 160 to 280.
AlbaniaC, F, L230 V50 HzSocket types F and L are the norm. The type L sockets typically accept both large (16A) and small (10A) plugs. Both F and L sockets accept type C plugs (Europlug). Voltage has been harmonized to the EU standard of 400/230V[4] but is typically delivered at 380/220V.
AlgeriaC, F230 V50 Hz
American SamoaA, B, F, I120 V60 Hz
AndorraC, F230 V50 Hz
AngolaC, F220 V50 Hz
AnguillaA, B110 V60 Hz
AntiguaA, B110 V
220 V
60 HzAirport power and hotels are reportedly 110 V.
ArgentinaC, I220 V50 HzLive and neutral are reversed for socket outlet type I in comparison to most other countries.
ArmeniaC, F230 V50 Hz
ArubaA, B, F127 V60 HzLago Colony 115 V.
AustraliaI230 V50 HzAs of 2000, the mains supply voltage specified in AS 60038 is 230 V with a tolerance of +10% -6%.[5] This was done for voltage harmonisation – however 240 V (and less commonly 250 V[6]) is within tolerance and is commonly supplied.[7] Mains voltage is still popularly referred to as being "two-forty volts". Bathrooms in hotels will often have a type I, C and A socket marked "for shavers only" as pictured on the right. Three phase (415 V) is also used.[8]
AustriaC, F230 V50 Hz
AzerbaijanC, F230 V50 Hz
BahamasA, B120 V60 Hzalong with 50 Hz in some outlying areas
BahrainC, G230 V50 Hz
Type G are the main type of electrical wall sockets installation. Electrical equipment, however, with varying socket types are available in the market. Type C plugs are very common with audio/video equipment. Plugged into Type G outlets using widely available adapters or forced in by pushing down the shutter. The latter is widely practised, although hazardous.
BangladeshC, D, G, K220 V50 Hz
BarbadosA, B115 V50 Hz
BelarusC220 V50 Hz
BelgiumC, E230 V50 Hz
BelizeA, B, G110 V
220 V
60 Hz
BeninC, E220 V50 Hz
BermudaA, B120 V60 Hz
BhutanD, F, G, M230 V50 Hz
BoliviaA, C120 V
220 V
50 Hz
Bosnia and HerzegovinaC, F230 V50 HzHarmonized to EU standard of 400/230V[9]
BotswanaD, G, M230 V50 Hz
BrazilC, N127 V
220 V
60 HzDual-voltage wiring is rather common for high-powered appliances, such as clothes dryers and electric showers which tend to be 220 V even in 127 V areas. Depending on the area, the exact voltage might be 115 V, 127 V, or 220 V. The Brazilian standard NBR 14136 (similar to IEC 60906-1-1) was first introduced in July 1998, revised November 2002. Since Jan 1st 2010 all devices and new buildings must comply with NBR 14136. In older buildings, the types A, B, C, I can still be found, but are no longer manufactured or sold in Brazil.
British Virgin IslandsA, B110 V60 HzBoth US Virgin Islands and British Virgin Islands?
BruneiG240 V50 Hz
BulgariaC, F220 V50 Hz
Burkina FasoC, E220 V50 Hz
BurmaC, D, F, G230 V50 HzType G found primarily in better hotels. Also, many major hotels chains are said to have outlets that will take Type I plugs and perhaps other types.
BurundiC, E220 V50 Hz
CambodiaC, G230 V50 Hz
CameroonC, E220 V50 Hz
CanadaA, B120 V60 HzSmaller buildings (like houses) are supplied with 240/120V split-phase with 240V being used for large loads and 120V for all else. Type A outlets are for repairs only (houses from the 1950s and prior that have no ground conductor), type B are required for new construction and renovation. A 20-Amp type B but with a T-slot can be used in kitchens in new construction.[10] Low-voltage three phase is 208/120V and also 600/347V in larger buildings.
Cape VerdeC, F220 V50 Hz
Caribbean NetherlandsA, B, C127 V
220 V
50 Hz, 60 HzBonaire 127 V, 50 Hz, Receptacle is combination of A and C; Saba and St. Eustatius 110 V, 60 Hz, A, maybe B
Cayman IslandsA, B120 V60 Hz
Central African RepublicC, E220 V50 Hz
ChadD, E, F220 V50 Hz
ChileC, L220 V50 Hz
ChinaA, C, G, I220 V50 HzMost wall outlets simultaneously support Types A and I. Some outlets support Type C as well (the holes in the outlets are flat in the middle and round on the sides) so that either a Type A, a Type C or a Type I (Unearthed) plug can be used. (See photo at right.) A second outlet only type I (Earthed) is next to the unearthed multi Type A\C\I outlet. NOTE: No matter the type of plug the socket will accept, voltage in China is always 220 volts, DO NOT use power cords with type A plugs - they are rated at 125 V only!
ColombiaA, B120 V60 HzHigh-power air conditioners, restaurant equipment, cookstoves and ovens use 240 volt supplies. Wiring conventions, practices and standards follow the Colombian Electrical Code (Código Eléctrico Colombiano), which is similar to the USA National Electric Code.
ComorosC, E220 V50 Hz
Congo, Republic of theC, E230 V50 Hz
Congo, Democratic Republic of theC, D220 V50 Hz
Cook IslandsI240 V50 Hz
Costa RicaA, B120 V60 Hz
Ivory CoastC, E230 V50 Hz
CroatiaC, F230 V50 HzType F wall sockets countrywide standard. Type C wall sockets are very uncommon, and exist only in very old installations.
CubaA, B, C110 V60 HzResorts that were built to cater to a European clientele may have 220 V Type C plugs.
CuraçaoA, B, C127 V50 Hz
CyprusG230 V50 Hz
Czech RepublicC, E230 V50 HzType E sockets are standard, earthed appliances ship with an E+F plug. Type C Plugs are common, especially for low-power devices. Type C wall sockets (actually E without the grounded pin and with narrower holes) are very uncommon, and exist only in very old installations.
DenmarkC, E, F, K230 V50 HzType E was added from July 2008.[11] Type F was added from November 2011.[12] Type C wall sockets are prohibited in houses built after April 1975.[13] All new sockets must be childproof.[14]Formerly 220V. 400V three-phase power is very common; The plugs/sockets used are either IEC 60309-2, or the Danish multi-phase system – mostly known as "komfurstik" or "380V-stik".
DjiboutiC, E220 V50 Hz
DominicaD, G230 V50 Hz
Dominican RepublicA, B110 V60 Hz
EcuadorA, B120 V60 Hz
EgyptC, F220 V50 Hz
El SalvadorA, B115 V60 Hz
Equatorial GuineaC, E220 V50 Hz
EritreaC230 V50 Hz
EstoniaC, F230 V50 Hz
EthiopiaC, E, F, L220 V50 Hz
Faroe IslandsC, E, F, K220 V50 HzSee Denmark.
Falkland IslandsG240 V50 Hz
FijiI240 V50 Hz
FinlandC, F230 V50 HzFormerly 220 V.
FranceC, E230 V50 HzType C (round) replaced with Type E; flat Type C remain in use, but wall sockets are not produced; all devices since early 1990's sold with E+F plug (fits both French E and German F types)
French GuianaC, D, E220 V50 Hz
French PolynesiaA, B, E110 V
220 V
60 Hz, 50 HzMarquesas Islands 50 Hz[15]
GabonC220 V50 Hz
GambiaG230 V50 Hz
GeorgiaC220 V50 Hz
GermanyC, F230 V50 HzType F; Type C (CEE 7–16 plugs and sockets, and CEE 7–17 plugs) are in use, too, but wall sockets are not produced (Type C plugs fit in Type F sockets). Many devices since early 1990's sold with E+F plug (fits both French E and German F types); Type C (the flat CEE 7–17) wall sockets are extremely uncommon, and exist only in very old installations.
GhanaD, G230 V50 Hz
GibraltarG, K240 V50 HzType K was used in the Europort development by the Danish builders. Otherwise the United Kingdom fittings are used.
GreeceC, F230 V50 HzType F ("Schuko", GreekΣούκο) is the de facto standard for new installations' sockets. Type C and "Tripoliko" (similar to type J and post-1989 type H) sockets exist only in old installations. Light appliances use type C plug while more electricity-consuming ones use type E&F or F plugs. Corfustill only uses C 220 V at 50 Hz. Formerly 220 V.
GreenlandC, E, F, K220 V50 HzSee Denmark.
GrenadaG230 V50 Hz
GuadeloupeC, D, E230 V50 Hz
GuamA, B110 V60 Hz
GuatemalaA, B120 V60 Hz
GuernseyC, G230 V50 Hz
GuineaC, F, K220 V50 Hz
Guinea-BissauC220 V50 Hz
GuyanaA, B, D, G110 V
220 V
60 HzMixture of 50 Hz and 60 Hz distribution according to Guyana Power and Light[16] Conversion of 50 Hz distribution to 60 Hz is ongoing[17]
HaitiA, B110 V60 Hz
HondurasA, B110 V60 Hz
Hong KongG, M, D220 V50 HzLargely based on UK system. G is used in almost all products, while M is (rarely) used when required current rating is between 13~15A. Occasionally, a 'shaver' socket (similar to Type C) is found in some bathrooms that provides low current to some other plug types. These almost always have a 110 V socket and a 220 V socket in the same unit, or a switch to select voltage, which are sometimes labelled as 110 V and 220 V. This duo installation is not as common in HK as in the UK. There was a smaller 2 A version of type D, now obsolete.
HungaryC, F230 V50 HzMains voltage sometimes still popularly referred to as 220 V, although the harmonization to 230 V was completed January 1, 2003.[18] 400 V 3-phase is also sometimes still referred to as 380 V.
IcelandC, F230 V50 Hz
IndiaC, D, M220-250 V50 HzResidential power supplied in India is two wire 220 volts, permitted variation 6%, and maximum load 40 amperes. Frequency 50 Hz. Many power outlets are universal and accept many plugs without adapter. A combination receptacle for types C, D and M is usually present.
IndonesiaC, F, G127 V IT
220 V TN-S
230 V TN-C-S
50 Hz
IT earthing system (very old installations)
TN-S earthing system (most widespread)
TN-C-S earthing system (new installations from 2000)
Mains voltage sometimes still popularly referred to as 220 V, although the harmonization to 230 V was completed 1998. 400 V 3-phase is also sometimes still referred to as 380 V. Elsewhere it was replaced in 1980s by the 220 V standard. Type G Plug / Socket is less common.
IranC, F220 V50 HzType C wall sockets are less common, and exist only in older installations. Type F is used for new installations. Type C Plugs are common for low-power devices.
IraqC, D, G230 V50 Hz
IrelandG, D, M, F230 V50 HzG Sockets and plugs standard as defined by NSAI I.S. 401 (Plug) I.S. 411 (Socket outlet). Obsolete or specialist installations may be D and M (as in the UK). Type F ("Side Earth") plugs occasionally seen in old installations probably because much of the early Irish electrical network was heavily influenced by Siemens. Formerly 220 V. ' A 'shaver' socket (similar to Type C) is sometimes found in bathrooms that will provide low current to some other plug types. These almost always have a 110 V socket and a 230 V socket in the same unit, or a switch to select voltage, which are sometimes labelled as 115 V and 230 V. The G type socket often has an on-off switch on the socket. 110 V centre point earthed transformers are often used for industrial portable tools. Type M plugs are permitted for applications where the power draw does not exceed 5 Amps; this power limitation allows type M sockets to be powered from domestic 10 Amp circuits and to be controlled by domestic lighting switches.
Isle of ManG240 V50 Hz
IsraelC, H, M220 V50 HzThe standard for H plugs and sockets was recently modified to use round pins, so most modern sockets accept both type C and type H plugs. Type M sockets are used for air conditioners. Identical plugs and sockets also used in the Palestinian National Authority areas.
ItalyC, F, L230 V50 HzCommon sockets have 8-shaped holes to accept both 16A and 10A version of the L plug, but in hotel rooms 10A sockets are still common. Schuko sockets are unusual, but adaptors rated up to 1500 Watt are widespread. C unearthed sockets are not used in modern installations and are very difficult to find for replacement, so there are some old installations with earthed sockets unconnected to an earthing system. Italian wall-boxes are similar to American ones, but are usually horizontally mounted, in old installation round pattrress are common. Formerly 220 V.[19]
JamaicaA, B110 V
220 V
50 Hz
JapanA, B100 V50 Hz, 60 HzEast Japan 50 Hz (TokyoKawasakiSapporoYokohama, and Sendai); West Japan 60 Hz (OkinawaOsakaKyotoKobeNagoyaHiroshima). Older buildings have nonpolarized sockets, in which case American polarized plugs (one prong wider than the other) would not fit. Many buildings do not have the ground pin. Sockets and switches fit in American-sized standard boxes. 120V in military facilities in Okinawa.
JerseyC, G230 V50 Hz
JordanC, G, L230 V50 Hz
KazakhstanC, E, F220 V50 HzNo official standard. Voltage tolerance is 220 V ±10%. Actual voltage may vary (usually 150–200 V) because of unstable electrical system.
KenyaG240 V50 Hz
KiribatiI240 V50 Hz
KuwaitC, G240 V50 Hz
KyrgyzstanC220 V50 Hz
LaosC, E, F230 V50 Hz
LatviaC, F230 V50 HzHarmonized to the EU standard of 400/230V[20]
LebanonC220 V50 HzJust about all plugs use type C. Before 1999 the voltage used to be 100 instead of 200.
LesothoM220 V50 Hz
LiberiaA, B, C, E, F120 V
240 V
50 HzPreviously 60 Hz, now officially 50 Hz. Many private power plants are still 60 Hz. A & B are used for 110 V; C & F are used for 230/240 V. Much of the centralized power system was destroyed during the civil wars starting in 1990, and public power supplies are still limited. Local supplies may vary and may not match the usual voltage for a particular wall socket.[21]
LibyaD, L127 V50 HzBarcaBenghaziDernaSabha & Tobruk 230 V.
LithuaniaC, F230 V50 Hz
LiechtensteinC, J230 V50 HzSwiss Norm, C only in the form CEE 7/16.
LuxembourgC, F230 V50 HzFormerly 220 V.
MacauD, F, G, M220 V50 HzNo official standards there. However, in the Macau-Hong Kong Ferry Pier built by the Portuguese Macau government before handover the standard was E & F. After the handover, Macau adopted G in both government and private buildings. F is uncommon. Before 1980s, 110 V was found in Macau; it is now obsolete.
MacedoniaC, F230 V50 HzHarmonized to EU standard 400/230V[22]
MadagascarC, D, E, J, K127 V
220 V
50 Hz
MalawiG230 V50 Hz
MalaysiaC, G, M240 V50 HzThe official mains power voltage is AC 230 V with the tolerance of +10%,-6%.[23] However, the supplied voltage remains at 240 V, as the supplied voltage is within the allowed tolerance. Areas that rely on private power companies, like some parts of Penang and Kedah, receive a true 230 V supply. Remote villages which rely on off-grid localized diesel generators (i.e. small villages and/or isolated holiday resorts on islands too far away from the mainland to have viable underwater cabling) may receive unstable power with higher voltages, with some areas recorded to be as high as 260 V. Type C plugs are very common with audio/video equipment. Plugged into Type G outlets using widely available adapters or forced in by pushing down the shutter. The latter is widely practised, although hazardous. Since the late 1990s, dedicated Type C sockets can also be found on some power strips sold in the country for convenience given the wide proliferation of devices with Type C plugs. Type C sockets can also be found on dedicated shaver sockets in bathrooms of many hotels. Said sockets also include a Type A connector that delivers 110v of power for the convenience of tourists. Type M sockets are normally used for air conditioning (especially if the air conditioner requires a magnetic starter), heavy industrial equipment, spotlights, and less commonly, washers and clothes driers. This is because most modern washers sold in the country are also fitted with Type G plugs and are two-in-one compact units which uses the same tub for washing and drying. In the countryside, type A is also used, but rare and considered non-standard.
MaldivesD, G, J, K, L230 V50 Hz
MaliC, E220 V50 Hz
MaltaG230 V50 Hz
MartiniqueC, D, E220 V50 Hz
MauritaniaC220 V50 Hz
MauritiusC, G230 V50 Hz
MexicoA, B127 V60 HzType B is becoming more common. Voltage can legally vary by +/- 10% (giving a range of 114 to 140 volts). Split phase is commonly available and local electricians are apt to wire both to a type A/B socket to give 240 V for air conditioning or washing machine/dryers.
MicronesiaA, B120 V60 Hz
MoldovaC, F220 V50 HzCompatible with European and former Soviet Union (GOST) standards.
MonacoC, D, E, F230 V50 HzSupplied from France
MongoliaC, E220 V50 Hz
MontenegroC, F230 V50 HzVoltage has been harmonized to the EU standard of 400/230V[24]
MontserratA, B120 V
230 V
60 Hz
MoroccoC, E220 V50 HzOriginally built using 127v and converted to 220v in the 1980s.
MozambiqueC, F, M220 V50 HzType M found especially near the border with South Africa, including in the capital, Maputo.
NamibiaD, M220-250 V50 Hz
NauruI240 V50 Hz
NepalC, D, M230 V50 Hz
NetherlandsC, F230 V50 HzFormerly 220 V.
New CaledoniaE220 V50 Hz
New ZealandI230 V50 HzElectricity (Safety) Regulations 2010 state supply voltage is 230 V ±6%
NicaraguaA, B120 V60 Hz
NigerC, D, E, F220 V50 Hz
NigeriaD, G240 V50 Hz
North KoreaC220 V50 Hz[25]
Various references report 50 Hz or 60 Hz but 50 Hz was confirmed by measurement in Pyongyang on July 23, 2012.
NorwayC, F230 V IT
230 V TT 400 V TN
50 Hz
IT earthing system (most widespread)
TN earthing system (new installations)
TT earthing system (used in some installations in Bergen)
Sockets lacking earth are prohibited in new installations.
OmanC, G240 V50 HzVoltage variations common.
PakistanC, D, G, M230 V50 HzOfficial standard is 230 V / 50 Hz. Voltage tolerance is 230 V ±5% (218 V to 242 V). Frequency tolerance 50 Hz ±2% (49 Hz to 51 Hz) But Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC) is 240 V / 50 Hz.
Type C and D Plug / Socket are common for low-power devices. Type M Plug / Socket is common for air conditioners and high-power devices. Type G Plug / Socket is less common.
PalauA, B120V60 Hz[26]
PalestineC, H, M230 V50 Hz(see Israel in this list)
PanamaA, B110 V
120 V
60 Hz120 V in Panama City.
220 V/240 V 60 Hz with NEMA 6-20 and NEMA 10-50 plugs and outlets used for high power appliances. NEMA 10-50 devices and outlets are rare nowadays.
A T-slot Type B is rated for 20 amperes for use in kitchens or other areas using large 120V appliances.

Papua New GuineaI240 V50 Hz
ParaguayC220 V50 Hz
PeruA, B, C220 V60 HzTalara 110/220 V; some areas 50 Hz[27]
PhilippinesA, B, C220 V60 Hz[28]Type A outlets are very common, especially in old houses. But modern buildings now use Type B outlets. However, Type A and Type B are rated at 125V and should not be used on 220V systems.
PolandC, E230 V50 HzType C (round) replaced with Type E; flat Type C remain in use, but wall sockets are not produced; all devices since early 1990's sold with E+F plug (fits both French E and German F types)
PortugalC, F230 V50 HzHarmonized with EU standard 400/230V[29] Although it is "officially" 230V now, in a few parts of Madeira it is usually either close to 240 or at 240~ V
Puerto RicoA, B (IEC 60906-2)120 V60 Hz(US Territories, American standardized at 120 V. Electricity suppliers aim to keep most customers supplied between 114 and 126 V most of the time. 240 V/60 Hz used for large appliances. Large residential buildings frequently have 120/208V 3-phase power, with large appliances being connected between two of the phases, giving a voltage of 208 volts. Since 1962, Type B outlets are required by code in new construction and renovation. A T-slot Type B is rated for 20 amperes for use in kitchens or other areas using large 120 V appliances.
QatarD, G240 V50 Hz
RéunionE220 V50 Hz
RomaniaC, F230 V50 HzMost household sockets still compatible with East European standards (4.0 mm pins). Formerly 220 V.
RussiaC, F220 V50 HzUSSR (along with much of Eastern Europe) used type GOST sockets with 4.0 mm pins similar to West European C type plugs and the 4.8mm standard used by West European type E/F Plugs.[30]The former Soviet sockets could be seen mainly in old houses and in countryside. Obsolete standard 127 V/50 Hz AC is used in some remote villages. Elsewhere it was replaced in 1970s by the 220 V standard.
RwandaC, J230 V50 Hz
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da CunhaG220-240 V50 Hz
St. MartinC, F120 V
230 V
60 HzDutch Sint Maarten 120 V, 60 Hz; French Saint-Martin 230 V, 60 Hz;
St. Kitts and NevisA, B, D, G110 V
230 V
60 HzRegion plug is same as United States (2 pin) 110–120 V
St. LuciaG240 V50 Hz
Saint Pierre and MiquelonE230 V50 Hz
St. Vincent and the GrenadinesC, E, G, I, K230 V50 Hz
SamoaI230 V50 Hz
São Tomé and PríncipeC, F220 V50 Hz
Saudi ArabiaA, B, C, F, G127 V
220 V
60 HzSaudi Arabia is one of the few countries in the world that still uses a dual-voltage system in different parts of the country. In an attempt to unify the low voltage system in the Kingdom, a decision was made by the Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia in August 2010 to standardize the low voltage system as 230/400V. The decision took immediate effect for new subscribers and will be implemented in existing facilities in two phases over 25 years (10-year preparatory phase and 15-year executive phase).[31][32]
SenegalC, D, E, K230 V50 Hz
SerbiaC, F230 V50 HzFormerly 220 V.[33]
SeychellesG240 V50 Hz
Sierra LeoneD, G230 V50 Hz
SingaporeC, G, M230 V50 HzType C is used for audio/video equipment and plug adapters are widely available. Type M sockets may be found occasionally for high-power applications.
SlovakiaC, E230 V50 Hz
SloveniaC, F230 V50 Hz
Solomon IslandsI, G220 V50 Hz[34]
SomaliaC220 V50 Hz
South AfricaC, F, M, N220-250 V50 HzType C used for some appliances. Adapters are widely available.
South KoreaC, F220 V60 HzThis is special case. Normal line voltage is 110V 60 Hz for 3 phase wiring. They make 220V by using 2 phases. In some parts of the country you will find 110V 60 Hz although most will be 220V 60 Hz. Type F is normally found in offices, airports, hotels and homes. Type C (type CEE 7/17) sockets are obsolete and manufacture was discontinued as of 2008, but examples are still found in a lot of places. In cases where a Type C socket was replaced with a Type F, the ground contact is often not connected to anything. 220 volt power is distributed by using one live pole of a three-phase 380 volt system. 110 V/60 Hz power with plugs A & B were previously used but has already been phased out. Some residents install their own step-down transformers and dedicated circuits, so that they can use 110 V appliances imported from Japan or North America. Most hotels only have 220 V outlets, but some hotels offer both 110 V (Type A or B) and 220 V (Type C or F) outlets. Switches and outlets fit American-sized boxes.
SpainC, F230 V50 HzFormerly 220 V. Also E and L in the Canary Islands.
Sri LankaD, G, M230 V50 HzIncreased use of type G in new houses/establishments.
SudanC, D230 V50 Hz
SurinameC, F127 V60 Hz
SwazilandM230 V50 Hz
SwedenC, F230 V
400 V
50 HzNon-grounded sockets are prohibited in new installations. 400 V for some washing machines and other fixed installations. In bathroom etc. 110–115 socket can be found and used for shavers and other "bathroom tools". Formerly 220 V.
SwitzerlandC, J230 V50 HzIn newer buildings and installation you will find only type J sockets (almost always recessed, mandatory after 2016: SEV 1011 Type 13[35]), which accept type C plugs. Relatively often, you will still find non-recessed sockets that are compatible with type J, which also accept the Europlug, but not plugs of type E, F, or E&F, since their pins are too thick (4.8mm). In some very old installations, sockets that are compatible with type E plugs are found. These non-recessed sockets will sometimes physically also accept plugs of type E, F, and E&F, but grounding will not be effective. Since 1 January 2013, it is only allowed to import or sell electronic devices with plugs with partly insulated pins, such as type C (CEE 7/16, SEV 1011 type 11) and type J (SEV 1011 type 12).[36]
SyriaC, E, L220 V50 Hz
TaiwanA, B110 V60 HzAll outlets are Type A or Type B. When an outlet is Type B, the ground (earth) holes of the outlets are usually not connected to anything. Most appliances have Type A plugs, but computers and high-power appliances have Type B plugs. The ground prongs on Type B plugs are often cut off to make the plugs fit into Type A sockets. Different outlets (which can not accept Type A or Type B plugs) provide 220 V for air conditioners.
TajikistanC, F, I220 V50 Hz
TanzaniaD, G230 V50 Hz
ThailandA, B, C, TIS166-2549220 V50 HzIn newer buildings and installation you will find only TIS116-2549 sockets, which accept type A and B and C plugs. Relatively often, you will still find type A/C hybrid sockets that are compatible with TIS116-2549, which also accept the Europlug, but not plugs of type E, F, or E&F, since their pins are too thick (4.8mm). In some very old installations, sockets that are compatible with type A/C hybrid plugs are found. These non-grounded sockets will sometimes physically also accept plugs of type E, F, and E&F, but grounding will not be effective. Since 2008, it is only allowed to import or sell electronic devices with plugs type C (CEE 7/16) and A, B (IEC 60906-2/TIS166-2519/TIS166-2535) and TIS116-2549.
Timor-Leste(East Timor)C, E, F, I220 V50 Hz
TogoC220 V50 HzLomé 127 V.
TongaI240 V50 Hz
Trinidad & TobagoA, B115 V60 Hz
TunisiaC, E230 V50 Hz
TurkeyC, F220 V50 Hz
TurkmenistanB, C, F220 V50 Hz
TuvaluI220 V50 Hz[37]
UgandaG240 V50 Hz
UkraineC, F220 V50 Hz
United Arab EmiratesC, D, G220 V50 Hz99% type G (same as UK) Others for Cookers
United KingdomG230 V50 HzGenerally Type G everywhere, usually with an on-off switch for each socket. A "shaver unit" with isolation transformer accepting the UK shaver plug (BS 4573) and Europlug (and sometimes an Australian plug) is often found in bathrooms for the connection of shavers and toothbrushes only. The shaver unit may also have a type A 115 V socket. IEC 60309 plugs and connectors are used in industrial and construction locations as well as for outdoor use. Plug types D and M were phased out of general use following the introduction of BS 1363 in 1947, they are still found in specialist applications but are unlikely to be encountered by visitors.
United StatesA, B (IEC 60906-2)120 V60 HzStandardized at 120 V. Electricity suppliers aim to keep most customers supplied between 114 and 126 V most of the time. 240 V/60 Hz used for large appliances. Large residential buildings frequently have 120/208V 3-phase power, with large appliances being connected between two of the phases, giving a voltage of 208 volts. Since 1962, Type B outlets are required by code in new construction and renovation. A T-slot Type B is rated for 20 amperes for use in kitchens or other areas using large 120 V appliances.
US Virgin IslandsA, B110 V60 HzBoth US Virgin Islands and British Virgin Islands?
UruguayC, F, L I230 V50 HzType L is the most common in modern homes and type F is the second as a result of computer use. Neutral and live wires are reversed, as in Argentina. Type I is only found in very old installations.
UzbekistanC, I220 V50 Hz
VanuatuI230 V50 Hz
VenezuelaA, B120 V60 HzNema 10-50 found in household 240 V/208 V service only for air conditioning and some high power appliances.
VietnamA, C, G220 V50 HzType A is the norm in Southern Vietnam and Type C is the norm in Northern Vietnam (according to the pre-unification border at 17 degrees North). Type G is found only in some new luxury hotels, primarily those built by Singaporean and Hong Kong developers. But Type G is never found in homes, shops, or offices.
YemenA, D, G230 V50 Hz
ZambiaC, D, G230 V50 Hz
ZimbabweD, G220 V50 Hz
A (NEMA 1–15 U.S. 2 pin)
rated 125V AC
B (NEMA 5–15 U.S. 3 pin)
rated 125V AC
Standardized by IEC as IEC 60906-2
C (CEE 7/16 Europlug)
C (CEE 7/17 Euro 2 pin)
D (BS546 5 A version of Type M. A smaller 2 A version also available)
E (CEE 7/5 French)
F (CEE 7/4 "Schuko")
E+F (CEE 7/7)
G Type (BS1363 UK)
H (SI 32 Israel)
I (AS-3112 Argentina / Australia / New Zealand).
Australian and New Zealand plugs are always switched at the socket.
I, plus sockets for A, C and I (China)
J (SEV-1011 Switzerland)
K (SRAF 1962/DB Denmark)
L (CEI 23-16 Albania / Canary Islands / Chile / Ethiopia / Italy / Libya / Syria)
M (15 A version of Type D BS546)